In
accordance with Oregon Administrative
Rule (OAR) 437-002-0360 Toxic and Hazardous Substances and the OSU CHP, the
purpose of this Laboratory-Specific Chemical Hygiene Plan (LCHP) is to provide
guidance and protocols for the protection of employees and visitors at Oregon
State University (OSU) from the potential health hazards associated with
chemicals used in the laboratory.
This
LCHP applies to all employees and visitors working on laboratory scale
operations involving laboratory use of hazardous chemicals in the
Sayavedra-Soto laboratory(ies) and is designed to serve as a guide to safely working
in the laboratory(ies). It shall
also serve as a notice of some University policies and contains descriptions of
best practices and standard operating procedures (SOPs) that should be followed
in the Sayavedra-Soto laboratory.
This LCHP does not address all OSU
and EH&S programs and policies relating to laboratory and chemical
safety. Refer to the OSU CHP for
additional information.
This LCHP is a living document that shall
be altered/updated as new information regarding safety, laboratory best practices,
regulations, and procedures is discovered and as materials, processes, and
equipment are added to or removed from the Sayavedra-Soto laboratory.
Common Acronyms
ACGIH American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ANSI American
National Standards Institute
CFR Code
of Federal Regulations
DEQ Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality
DOT Department
of Transportation
EH&S OSU
Department of Environmental Health and Safety
EPA Environmental
Protection Agency
IARC International
Agency for Research on Cancer
LCHP Laboratory-specific
Chemical Hygiene Plan
LD50 Lethal
Dose for 50% Mortality of a species exposed to a given chemical
LS/PI Laboratory
Supervisor/Principal Investigator
MSDS Material
Safety Data Sheets
NFPA National
Fire Protection Association
NTP National
Toxicology Program
OAR Oregon
Administrative Rule
OSHA Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
PEL Permissible
Exposure Limit
PPE Personal
Protective Equipment
SDS Safety
Data Sheets (formerly known as MSDS)
SOP Standard
Operating Procedure
Action Level
-‑ A concentration designated in OSHA regulations for a specific
substance, calculated as an 8‑hour time weighted average (TWA), that
initiates certain required activities.
Bloodborne Pathogen -- Pathogenic
micro-organisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in
humans. These pathogens include,
but are not limited to, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immune Deficiency
Virus (HIV).
CHP ‑‑
A written program developed and implemented that sets forth procedures,
equipment, personal protective equipment and work practices that are capable of
protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous chemicals
used in the laboratory.
Combustible -- A
material that has a Flash Point at or above 140° F.
Contractor -- An individual who is on site to complete a
contracted responsibility and whose direct compensation is not being paid by
OSU.
Designated Area ‑‑ An area that may be used for work with select carcinogens,
reproductive toxins or substances that have a high degree of acute
toxicity. A designated area may be
the entire laboratory, an area of a laboratory or a device such as a laboratory
hood.
Employee -- An
individual paid by OSU or a LS/PI who is employed in a laboratory workplace who
may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the course of his or her
assignments. This may include
faculty, staff, post-doctoral fellows, graduate students, and student workers.
Flammable Liquid -- A
material that has a flash point below 140° F and a vapor pressure
not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch, absolute (psia) at 100° F.
Hazardous Chemical ‑‑ A chemical for which there is statistically significant
evidence, based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established
scientific principles, that acute or chronic health effects may occur in
exposed employees. The term “health
hazard” includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents,
reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins,
nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents that act on the hematopoietic systems and
agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes.
Laboratory ‑‑
A workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used
on a non-production basis.
Laboratory Scale -‑ Work with substances in which the containers used for reactions,
transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and
safely manipulated by one person.
Also may be called Bench Scale.
Laboratory Standard -- The procedures and standards encompassed by OAR 437-002-0360
Laboratory Use of Hazardous Chemicals ‑- Handling or use of such chemicals in which
all of the following conditions are met.
1. Chemical manipulations are carried out on a laboratory
scale.
2. Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used.
3.
The procedures
involved are not part of a production process nor in any way simulate a
production process.
4.
Protective
laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use to minimize
the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) -- For laboratory uses of OSHA regulated substances,
the employer (i.e., OSU or the Principle Investigator responsible for the
laboratory) shall assure that employees’ exposures to such substances do not
exceed the permissible exposure limits specified in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart
Z.
Reproductive Toxins ‑‑ Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities
including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogens).
Select Carcinogen -‑ Any substance that meets one of the following criteria:
1. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; or
2.
It is listed
under the category “Known to be Human Carcinogens”, in the latest Report on
Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest
edition); or
3.
It is listed under
Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer Monographs (IARC) (latest editions); or
4.
It is listed in
either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category “Reasonably Anticipated To
Be Human Carcinogens” by NTP
5.
It is designated
by the OSU Chemical Safety Committee as an OSU-regulated extreme-hazard or
high-hazard carcinogen.
Shall/Should
-- In this document, "shall" indicates a required condition or
action; "should" indicates a preferred laboratory practice or condition.
Visitor -- An individual on the OSU campus not defined as an
employee, who is on site by invitation and is not present in a contractual
capacity.
The University and all departments with labs
conducting research are required to advise employees of their rights regarding
the OSU CHP. It is to an employee’s
advantage to read and understand the OSU CHP, the LCHP prepared by their LS/PI,
and to understand their legal rights.
1.
Employees shall
receive training on the hazards associated with chemicals and on the measures
they can take to protect themselves from those hazards.
2.
Employees who may
be exposed to hazardous chemicals shall have access to the following information
upon request:
· Chemical exposure information
· Workplace chemical inventory
· Laboratory-specific CHP
· Safety Data Sheets
· Standard Operating Procedures
3.
The employer
shall provide employees with appropriate PPE free of charge.
4.
Employees who have
been exposed to hazardous chemicals shall have access to:
· Medical Consultation and Examinations
· Records of their Medical Consultations and
Examinations
· Results of Exposure Monitoring
5.
Employees have a
right to file a complaint against the University regarding alleged violations
of the Laboratory Standard (OAR
437-002-0360) without fear of retribution.
Questions about employee rights or any part of the CHP
should be directed to Sayavedra-Soto or EH&S.
Department Head -- The Department Head (or their appointee) shall
serve as a departmental point of contact for EH&S and shall:
1. Be responsible for helping communicate local, state,
and federal regulations, as well as OSU policy to department faculty, staff,
and employees.
2. Ensure that LSs/PIs vacating a laboratory space
decontaminate and clean all equipment, work areas, and storage areas prior to
another LS’s/PI’s use of the laboratory.
A vacating LS/PI shall initiate the EH&S
Chemical Laboratory Decontamination and Checkout Procedure by contacting EH&S as soon as said LS/PI knows
they will be vacating a laboratory.
Lab Supervisor/Principal Investigator -- The LS/PI is the individual who has primary
responsibility for safety in the laboratories under their control. This individual shall:
1. Develop a laboratory-specific CHP (LCHP) for their
laboratory(ies). The LCHP shall
contain detailed SOPs for each piece of laboratory equipment and process.
2. Prepare laboratory-specific SOP’s for all hazardous
laboratory operations that reflect appropriate safety practices and
precautions. Form 2 in Appendix I can
be used to perform a job hazard assessment to aid in writing SOPs or may be
used as a supplement to an SOP.
3. Have a working knowledge of the OSU CHP.
4. Maintain a copy of the current LCHP and SOPs in the
laboratory(ies) and document that all employees have read and understood the
LCHP and SOPs.
5. Ensure employees work in accordance with the LCHP and
SOPs.
6. Review and update the LCHP at least annually and any
time a new piece of equipment or process is added to the laboratory. The current LCHP and SOPs shall be
maintained for easy access in either electronic (website, .pdf) or paper
form. A Laboratory Safety Resources
Folder, available from EH&S, can be used to house the LCHP and SOPs. EH&S will periodically ask to see
these records.
7. Ensure PPE is available and in good condition.
8. Provide and document required safety training for
employees and students that work in their laboratories. An example training acknowledgement form
(Form 3, Appendix I) is available in this CHP. The training listed on these forms should
be detailed and laboratory-specific.
A new form shall be completed and filed as employees are trained to use
new processes and equipment.
Completed forms should be maintained in the Laboratory Safety Resources
Folder and/or as .pdf documents.
9. Perform and record Laboratory Safety Assessments using
Form 1 in Appendix I (current
version available on the EH&S website).
Completed forms should be filed in the Laboratory Safety Resources
Folder and/or electronically as .pdf files. This assessment shall be completed at
least annually, but EH&S strongly encourages performing this assessment
regularly, preferably on a quarterly basis.
10. Investigate near-accidents/near-misses, and document
these incidents (Appendix I, Form 4).
With the goal of improving laboratory safety in mind, encourage
employees to report near-accidents/near-misses, as these are important leaning
opportunities. Safety improvements
to equipment or procedures may occur as a result of discussing these incidents.
11. Investigate injuries and overexposure events. Appropriately document and report
injuries/overexposure events to human resources. Request the help of Human Resources and
EH&S as necessary.
12. Evaluate the need for PPE and/or chemical
exposure/environmental monitoring.
Job Hazard Assessment and PPE Recommendation forms are available in
Appendix I of this CHP and should be completed prior to the use of new
laboratory procedures, processes, or equipment. Employees should be involved in the
hazard assessment process.
13. Be aware of activities that require EH&S oversight
or approval prior to beginning work or purchasing equipment. Prior approval forms are available in
Appendix I of this CHP. An Authorization Application shall be submitted prior to acquiring and using
radioisotopes or x-ray emitting equipment.
Work with potentially hazardous biological agents and/or recombinant DNA
shall be registered with the Institutional
Biosafety Committee. Use of extreme-hazard or high-hazard
carcinogens requires approval by or registration with the chemical safety committee. Records related to research programs requiring
EH&S oversight shall be maintained in the Laboratory Safety Resources
Folder and/or electronically.
14. Report any deficiencies that require Departmental or
higher-level action to the Department Head and EH&S.
15. Serve as a positive example to all other employees by
wearing appropriate PPE upon entering and working in a laboratory, encouraging
good housekeeping and chemical hygiene practices, and following the LCHP and
SOPs.
16. Prior to the termination of an employee, ensure that
any equipment, work areas or storage areas used by the employee are clean and
decontaminated. Ensure that any
hazardous or infectious waste generated by the vacating employee is properly
labeled (label
template available on the EH&S website) prior to the worker’s termination. Ensure work and storage areas are free
of samples, chemical or biological residues, and hazardous and non-hazardous
waste.
17. Initiate the EH&S
Chemical Laboratory Decontamination and Checkout Procedure well before vacating a laboratory. Ensure that upon vacating a laboratory
space, all equipment, work areas, and storage areas are clean and
decontaminated prior to a new LS’s/PI’s use of the laboratory. Ensure that any hazardous or infectious
waste is labeled and disposed of properly.
Work and storage areas should be free of samples, chemical or biological
residues, and hazardous and non-hazardous waste, in preparation for the next
LS/PI that will occupy the laboratory.
Employee -‑
Each employee is responsible for planning and conducting all laboratory
operations in accordance with the OSU CHP, their LS’s/PI’s LCHP and SOPs,
developing good chemical hygiene and housekeeping habits, selecting and using
appropriate PPE, reporting safety deficiencies to the LS/PI, and taking
advantage of appropriate training opportunities.
1.
Employees should
act in a professional manner at all times.
2.
Employees should
not conduct potentially dangerous experiments while alone.
3.
Any visitor to
the laboratory is to be escorted by an employee and is the responsibility of
that employee. Refer to Section
15. Appropriate safety rules shall
be observed.
4.
While conducting
unattended operations, employees shall leave lights on, place appropriate
information on an Overnight/Unattended
Lab Reaction form (Appendix I, Form 4) and provide for containment of
hazardous substances in the event of a catastrophic failure (such as cooling
water).
1. Avoid skin contact with chemicals.
2. Do not smell or taste chemicals.
3. Use a vacuum or pipette bulb. Do not pipette by mouth.
4.
Vent any
experiment that may discharge toxic or noxious chemicals into a local exhaust
device (e.g., a chemical fume hood).
5.
Flammable,
corrosive, or toxic volatile materials shall be vented or trapped when they are
evaporated, for example with rotary evaporators or similar devices.
6.
Water aspirators
are not to be used when trapping hazardous chemicals, including common
flammable solvents.
7. Plan operations, equipment, and protective measures
based on knowledge of the chemicals in use.
8. Employees shall be aware of the location and proper
operation of lab safety/emergency equipment (first aid kit, fire extinguisher,
chemical spill kit, eyewash, etc.).
9. Employees shall report unsafe laboratory practices or
conditions to the LS/PI. The LS/PI
should correct unsafe practices or conditions immediately.
1.
Eating, drinking,
and cosmetic application are not permitted in laboratories.
2.
Food may not be
stored in a refrigerator that has been used or is being used to store
chemicals.
3.
Ice produced by
ice machines for laboratory use shall not be used for beverages, food, or food
storage.
4.
No glassware or
utensils used for laboratory operations shall be used for storage, handling, or
consumption of food or beverages.
5.
Wash hands before
using the restroom and before eating, smoking, or applying cosmetics. Wash areas of exposed skin, e.g.
forearms, frequently if there is potential for contact with chemicals.
6.
Confine long hair
and loose clothing.
7.
Wear closed-toe
shoes at all times in the laboratory.
8.
Wear appropriate
PPE in the laboratory as necessary.
9.
Employees shall
be alert to unsafe conditions and shall ensure that such conditions are
corrected when detected.
10. Clean up any spills on work surfaces as soon as
possible to prevent chemical residue accumulation.
11. Eye protection shall be worn by employees whose jobs
expose them to eye hazards in accordance with the OSU Safety
Policy and Proceure Manual (Ex4: List of Personal Protective Equipment) (also refer to Section 10.1).
1.
Use engineering
controls (e.g., hoods, centrifuge rotor hoods) appropriately to minimize
chemical exposure.
1.
Each employee is
responsible for maintaining a clean and uncluttered work space. This will help prevent spillage,
breakage, personal injuries, and unnecessary contact with chemicals.
2.
Lab workers are
jointly responsible for common areas of the laboratory.
3.
Spills shall be
cleaned up immediately from work areas and floors.
4.
Doorways and
walkways within the lab shall not be blocked or used for storage.
5.
Windows in lab
doors shall not be covered. Windows allow for emergency response personnel to
be able to see into the room to assess the situation without entering.
6.
Access to exits,
hallways, emergency equipment, and utility controls shall not be blocked.
1.
Equipment and
instrumentation shall be cleaned to remove spillage and contamination before
repair or calibration service is requested, and service personnel shall be
informed of any hazardous contamination prior to servicing.
1.
The decision to purchase
a chemical shall be a commitment to handle and use the chemical properly from
receipt through disposal.
2.
Before purchasing
any new chemical the following information shall be considered:
a. Proper storage and handling procedures,
b. Proper disposal procedures,
c. Presence of adequate facilities to handle and store
the material safely, and
d. Adequate training for personnel handling the material.
3.
Workers shall be
informed of how to access electronic or paper copies of SDSs.
4.
No container
should be accepted into a laboratory without an adequate identifying
label. The label should include, at
a minimum, the chemical name and an appropriate hazard warning, including
target organ effects. This is
particularly helpful for EH&S workers who handle chemical disposal. Chemical nomenclature or abbreviations
alone are not sufficient.
Each laboratory shall maintain an electronic chemical inventory, which shall be updated as chemicals are acquired by
or removed from the laboratory. The
inventory shall be maintained using EHSA software that is accessible via the
EH&S website. Chemicals and
samples created in the laboratory shall also be properly labeled (see sections
6.3 and 7.0) and entered into the electronic chemical inventory. Unused, expired, or unwanted chemicals
should be donated to the Chemical
Recycling Program or shall be
submitted to EH&S for
disposal.
1.
Stored and
working amounts of hazardous chemicals shall be kept to a minimum.
2. Minimize storage of chemicals at the lab bench, in hoods,
and other work areas.
3.
All chemical
containers shall have a legible and firmly attached label with, at a minimum,
the name of the compound and appropriate hazard information. If the container is too small, the name of
the compound is sufficient for storage.
4.
Chemicals shall
be stored in containers with which they are chemically compatible.
5. Liquids shall be stored in suitable secondary
containment, such as polyethylene trays. Mineral acids shall be stored in
acid-resistant secondary containment.
6.
Chemical reagents
shall be kept in closed containers when not in use.
7.
Compressed gas
cylinders shall be properly secured at all times. Cylinder caps should be in place on
cylinders when not in use. Use
straps, chains, or stands to support the cylinders. Straps or chains shall be firmly
attached to a permanent structure and at the correct height for the cylinder
that is being secured (i.e., in the top third of the cylinder but below the
cylinder’s shoulder).
8.
Incompatible chemicals
shall be segregated. At a minimum,
acids, bases, flammables, and oxidizers should be segregated within the
laboratory. Water reactive
materials shall be separated from all other chemicals. Separate oxidizers from flammable,
combustible, and organic material.
Separate acids from bases and acid-sensitive materials such as cyanides
and sulfides.
9.
Highly toxic
materials should be stored in a secure manner.
10. Glass chemical containers shall not be stored on the
floor.
11. See Appendix III, Table 1 for maximum allowable container sizes and types for flammable and
combustible liquid storage.
12. Laboratories with chemical storage areas shall have a
standard OSU "CAUTION" sign that identifies emergency contact
personnel. Contact EH&S for
signs and refer to the Lab Hazard
Sign Safety Instruction on the
EH&S website.
13. Stored chemicals shall be inspected at least quarterly
for expiration, deterioration, and container integrity. The inspection should detect corrosion,
deterioration, or damage to the storage facility (cabinet, shelf, etc.) as a
result of leaking chemicals. This
information should be recorded, reported to the LS/PI, and any damage should be
repaired.
14. Expired chemicals shall not be stored or used in
laboratories and shall be relinquished to EH&S personnel for disposal.
15. Refer to the Chemical Storage
Guidelines Safety Instruction on
the EH&S website.
16. Food shall not be stored in refrigerators with
chemicals or in refrigerators that have ever been used to store chemicals. Refrigerators shall be appropriately
labeled to indicate the materials stored inside.
17. It is recommended that rooms in which chemicals are
used or stored be secured to prevent unauthorized access.
Waste Disposal procedures for chemical, infectious,
sharps and other hazardous wastes are contained on the Safety Instructions page on the EH&S website.
Disposal of
Materials of Uncertain Composition (“Chemical Unknowns”)
Disposal
of hazardous waste is dangerous and expensive, even when the contents of the waste
are identified. Without mitigating
information, all unknown materials have to be treated as if they are
potentially hazardous. In all
cases, chemical unknowns cannot be disposed of until a general profile of the
unknown has been generated. Even then,
the cost of disposal is a premium.
Additionally, there is a threat of personal injury or death to the
individuals required to handle these potentially dangerous materials.
The obvious goal is to reduce the number of “unknowns”
to zero by labeling all chemical containers, disposing of all old, outdated and
questionable chemicals and samples, recycling unneeded chemical reagents, and
maintaining separate waste containers for different classes of chemical
wastes. This will reduce the number
of unknowns and shall be considered
standard laboratory practice.
It
is the responsibility of the generator to identify each “unknown” as completely
as possible before submitting an “unknown” to EH&S. A Hazardous Waste Label (template and guidelines are on the EH&S website) shall be completed with as much information as
possible and affixed to the container.
Liquid biological cultures that have been properly
autoclaved may be disposed of via the sanitary sewer (down a sink drain),
provided they contain no hazardous chemicals. Liquid environmental samples (rainwater,
lake water, etc.) may be disposed of via the sanitary sewer with no prior
treatment, provided no hazardous chemicals have been added to the sample. Solids, oils, and gels shall not be
disposed of via the sanitary sewer.
Note: It is
illegal to dispose of hazardous chemical waste in an inappropriate manner. If you are unsure of how to properly
dispose of chemicals/material, contact EH&S.
1.
All chemical
containers shall have a legible, firmly attached label showing the contents of
the container and hazard information.
2.
Contents shall be
written legibly in plain English language in addition to any abbreviations.
3.
Labels on
incoming containers of hazardous chemicals shall not be removed or defaced.
4.
SDSs for
hazardous chemicals in a given laboratory shall be available to all employees
in the laboratory by accessing the MSDS Online Database via the EH&S website.
5.
If a chemical
substance is produced in the laboratory for another use outside of the
laboratory, the SDS and labeling provisions of the OSHA Hazard Communication
Standard apply (OAR 437-002-0360). The LS/PI shall ensure these
requirements are met.
6.
Chemical
substances developed in the laboratory shall be assumed to be hazardous in the
absence of other information. Such
chemicals shall be labeled (label
template available on the EH&S website) and stored in appropriate containers. Appropriate PPE shall be worn when
handling chemical substances developed in the laboratory, and a SDS shall be
created.
1.
EH&S shall be
responsible for exposure monitoring.
2. Employee exposures to any substance regulated by an
OSHA standard shall be measured when there is reason to believe that exposure
levels routinely exceed the action levels specified in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z.
3. Employee exposures to OSHA regulated substances shall
not exceed the permissible exposure limit (PEL) specified in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z. PPE and engineering controls should be
used to prevent employee exposure.
4. Monitoring results shall be provided to EH&S, the
LS/PI and to the employee.
1.
An opportunity
for medical surveillance, including medical consultation and follow‑up,
shall be provided under the following circumstances:
a.
Where exposure
monitoring is over the action level for an OSHA regulated substance that has
medical surveillance requirements.
b.
Whenever an
employee develops signs or symptoms that may be associated with a hazardous
chemical that the employee may have been exposed to in the laboratory.
c.
Whenever a spill,
leak, or explosion results in the likelihood of a hazardous exposure, as determined
by EH&S.
d.
To all employees
required to wear a respirator.
e. To all emergency response team members.
2.
All examinations
shall be provided by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, at no
cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and
place. A physician experienced in
occupational medicine shall be used whenever possible.
3.
Each laboratory
should have a first aid kit (see Section 11.6) that shall be maintained and
checked for expired or missing items.
Medical assistance, if required, is available by calling 911 or (541)
737-7000 (OSU Public Safety). It is
strongly recommended that laboratory personnel maintain proficiency in First
Aid, including bloodborne pathogen protocols, through training courses from
EH&S.
4.
Where medical
consultations or examinations are provided, the examining physician shall be
provided with the following information:
a.
The identity of
the hazardous chemical(s) to which employees may have been exposed.
b.
A description of
the conditions under which the exposure occurred including quantitative
exposure data, if available.
c.
A description of
the signs and symptoms of exposure that the employee is experiencing, if any.
5.
For examinations
or consultations provided to employees, a written opinion from the examining physician
shall be provided to the employee.
1.
Call 911 for
laboratory accidents that involve a personal injury that requires medical
assistance and notify Public Safety at (541) 737-7000. For both calls, provide any available
information on the nature of the accident, including any possible chemical or
biological hazards that may be present.
2.
Personnel
responding to an injury that appears to require emergency first aid shall
notify the LS/PI at the first safe opportunity.
3.
A Report of Accident/Illness
Form shall be completed by the
LS/PI and filed with Human Resources.
Refer to the Accident
Recording System Safety Instruction
on the EH&S website.
4.
If a spill or
incident represents a hazard to other building occupants, it should be reported
immediately to them, the building supervisor, Department Head(s), EH&S, and
to Public Safety.
The
OSU PPE Policy States:
A general
rule to follow is "use of personal protective equipment is required when there
is a reasonable probability that injury or illness can be prevented by such
equipment."
Reasonable
engineering controls, such as increased ventilation, are preferable to personal
protective equipment. When employees are required to wear personal
protective equipment, the cost of the equipment shall be considered a
departmental or research program expense.
Supervisor
Responsibility
Supervisors or instructors should
consult with EH&S (7-2273) or another qualified person to assess hazards in
areas where their employees work. A determination will be made as to
which areas require the use of personal protective equipment and the type and
quality of the necessary equipment. Supervisors and instructors are
responsible for ensuring that workers, students, and visitors wear the
protective equipment as specified.
The cost of
this equipment may be charged against any approved departmental account.
Supervisors may obtain personal protective equipment through any approved
commercial safety equipment supplier. Supervisors should consult EH&S
to ensure that the type of equipment selected is appropriate.
Supervisors
are responsible for training their employees so they are able to identify
situations that require the use of personal protective equipment and know how
to properly use, care for and maintain the equipment.
Employee
Responsibilities
Employees are required to wear personal protective equipment when determined
necessary. See SAF-Ex4: List of Personal Protective
Equipment.
EH&S further recommends that employees be advised
on the proper selection, use and limitations of PPE before they are required to
use the equipment as defined in appropriate SOPs and the Job Hazard Assessment
(See Section 21.0 and Appendix I, Form 2).
Personal protective equipment, excluding safety glasses and shoes,
should be removed before leaving work areas.
EH&S Note Regarding Contact Lenses:
EH&S
does NOT recommend that contact lenses be worn in the laboratory for the
following reasons:
· They can create a visual problem if suddenly
displaced.
· Contact lenses are difficult to remove should
chemicals get into the eyes and they tend to prevent the removal of
contaminants by natural eye fluids.
· Soft contact lenses present special hazards. They discolor when they come into
contact with many laboratory chemicals and can absorb chemicals and chemical
vapors, causing extensive corneal damage before the wearer is aware of the
problem.
·
Disposable gloves are available throughout the
laboratory and are required to handle those chemicals that can cause skin
irritation or are carcinogenic. Gloves may be used to avoid enzymes that can
degrade or contaminate DNA and RNA laboratory samples.
·
When an individual is in the
laboratory/performing experiments shoes must be used, no open shoes, sandals or
being barefoot are allowed.
·
When performing experiments in the laboratory,
laboratory coats are recommended but not absolutely necessary. However, when
handling corrosive reagents, strong acids or bases, carcinogenic compounds,
laboratory coats are highly recommended.
·
Wearing hearing protection devices are
recommended when working with the high frequency cell disrupter. These are up
to the individual and are recommended but not enforced.
·
Dust masks must be used for chemicals that
indicate so in the jar labels.
·
Fire extinguisher is available in the building
isle in front of the laboratory. Liquid-spill kit, dedicated box for broken
glass, bucket for disposal barrel syringes, eyewash units, safety shower are
available.
Each employee shall be familiar with the location,
application and correct use, where applicable, of the following equipment:
1. Fire extinguishers
2. Fire blankets
3. Fire alarms
4. Fire doors (shall remain closed and unobstructed)
5. Safety showers
6. Eye wash units
7. First aid kits
8. Spill Kits
1. Safety showers and eye washes should be easily
accessible.
2.
Eyewash units
should be checked for adequate flow once a week by laboratory personnel who
will run them until water is clear.
Document this check on the tag that is hanging from or posted near the
eyewash.
3.
EH&S will test
safety showers annually.
1.
Fire
extinguishers are provided in or near work areas and located along normal paths
of travel. Access shall be
maintained.
2.
Monthly
inspections are performed by EH&S personnel, except when otherwise noted.
3.
University
employees should not use fire extinguishers unless they have been formally
trained in the proper operation of extinguisher use.
4.
Discharged and/or
fire extinguishers that have lost pressure shall be immediately reported to
EH&S [(541) 737-2273].
1.
First aid kits
are supplied in each lab for treatment of minor injuries or for short term
emergency treatment until medical assistance arrives.
2.
First aid kits
shall be kept in an accessible and marked location in each laboratory.
3.
The LS/PI shall
ensure that first aid kits are adequately stocked and maintained. Expired items shall be replaced as
discovered. First aid kits shall be
inspected as part of each lab’s periodic Lab Safety Assessments.
· The spill and containment kit is by the autoclave and
contains all the items required.
Each laboratory or area in which hazardous
chemicals are used shall maintain a spill kit that is suitable for the types
and volume of chemicals present.
Contact EH&S for help in designing an appropriate spill kit. Also, refer to the Chemical Spill Response Safety Instruction
on the EH&S website.
1. Chemical emergencies such as large spills,
spills involving highly hazardous or flammable materials, releases of toxic or
corrosive gasses or substances should be treated as other types of
emergencies. Pull the fire alarm
and evacuate the building.
2. Call 911. Notify the dispatcher of the type of emergency;
they will notify appropriate emergency personnel. In the main campus area, request
assistance from the OSU EH&S chemical response team.
3. If you call 911, be sure to meet emergency
personnel at the door. Give them
any relevant information about the nature of the emergency and chemicals
involved. Direct them to the exact
location of the emergency.
4. If there are injured victims, provide the
minimum necessary first aid only if there is no danger to yourself. If providing assistance will endanger you,
do not attempt intervention. Wait
for emergency response personnel at the front of the building.
5. If chemicals have splashed into the victim’s eyes,
flush the eyes at an eyewash station for at least 15 minutes or until emergency
medical personnel arrive and evaluate the accident.
6. If chemicals have splashed onto the victim’s body,
drench the victim with water at a safety shower, while removing any
contaminated clothing. Have a clean
lab coat available to protect the modesty of the victim.
7. For small, low hazard spills:
a. Restrict access to the area and notify
surrounding personnel.
b. Use appropriate personal protective
equipment and use suitable spill clean-up equipment and products that are
designed for the type of spilled chemical.
c. Contact EH&S if you need equipment or
would like help designing a chemical spill kit.
d. Package and dispose of the waste in an
appropriate manner.
e. Complete an Incident Report and notify the
LS/PI.
8. For larger spills that do not constitute
an emergency:
a. Restrict access to the area and notify
surrounding personnel.
b. Notify Public Safety by calling (541)
737-7000, and they will notify the appropriate personnel in EH&S.
1.
Accident/Incident
records (not including medical records) shall be retained by Human Resources.
2.
Medical records
shall be retained by the employee undergoing medical surveillance and the
attending physician’s office.
3.
The following
should be maintained by the LS/PI for at least 5 years (or for as long as an employee
works in an LS’s/PI’s laboratory, in the case of employee training and
acknowledgement forms), either in the Laboratory Safety Resources Folder and/or
electronically as .pdf files:
a. Employee Training and Acknowledgement Forms
b. Laboratory Self Assessment Forms
c. Prior approval forms
d. Job hazard assessment forms
e. Annual equipment inspection records
f. Accident, injury, overexposure, near-miss, and damage
to equipment/facilities incident reports
g. Any other EH&S documents (IBC documentation,
radiation safety documents, etc.)
1.
All employees
shall receive general chemical/laboratory safety training from their Department
or from EH&S. Additionally, the
LS/PI shall provide all employees with laboratory-specific training that
addresses the hazards associated with their laboratory(ies).
2.
The aim of the
training program is to ensure that all individuals at risk are adequately
informed about the work in the laboratory, its risks, and what to do if an
accident occurs.
3.
This training
shall be provided at the time of an employee’s initial assignment to a work
area where hazardous chemicals are present. It shall also be provided prior to
assignments involving new exposure situations, equipment, and chemicals. The training shall be coordinated
through the LS/PI and/or EH&S.
4.
The training
should include:
a.
Handling
hazardous chemicals
b.
Exposure signs
and symptoms
c.
Fire training:
prevention and response
d.
Emergency
response and evacuation
e.
Interpretation of
SDSs
f.
First aid
g.
Protective
clothing
h.
Chemical or
infectious waste disposal
i.
Contents and
availability of the CHP
j.
Review of PELs
k.
Laboratory
hazards specific to work area, and if necessary
l.
Respirator
protection and fit testing program
5.
Training shall be
documented with the following information (see Appendix I, Form 3):
a. Trainer and/or media use
b. Content of Training
c. Attendees by signature and printed name
d. Date
e. Location
1.
Reference materials
on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals can
be found on the EH&S website.
2.
Safety data
sheets (SDS) shall be maintained by the LS/PI as needed. SDSs are available from MSDS Online software on the EH&S website.
The laboratory has an
update website where all methods, and links to information are posted.
1.
General
laboratory ventilation shall provide air flow into the laboratory from non‑laboratory
areas and out to the exterior of the building.
2.
Laboratory doors
should remain closed, except for entry and egress.
1.
All reactions
that produce unpleasant and/or potentially hazardous fumes, vapors, and gases
shall be performed within a fume hood.
2.
The hood sash
should remain closed when the hood is not in use. When adjustments need to be made to
laboratory equipment or operations within the hood while chemical emissions are
being produced, the hood sash should not be raised past the sash height
indicated by the line on the inspection tag placed on the hood by EH&S.
Daily hood function inspections should be conducted by
employees.
1. Visually inspect the hood area for storage of
materials and baffle blockages.
2. Check flow monitor for airflow > 100 fpm.
3. If hood does not have a flow monitor, place a 1 inch
wide by 6 inch piece of soft tissue paper at the hood opening and observe it
for appropriate directional flow into the hood.
4. If the hood is not operating properly, notify your
LS/PI and EH&S. An improperly
functioning hood is considered a safety issue and needs to be remedied as
quickly as possible, ideally the day the malfunction is noticed.
5. Annual hood inspections shall be performed and
recorded by EH&S.
1.
Questionable
ventilation or requests to evaluate ventilation throughput or efficiency should
be made to EH&S.
2.
Ventilation
problems or fume hood alarms that are sounding should be reported to EH&S.
3.
In the event of a
total or catastrophic ventilation failure:
a.
Stop operations
if possible. This may include
stabilizing the experiment, shutting off utilities, closing the sash, and
closing the laboratory door.
b.
Otherwise, keep
people from entering the lab.
c.
Notify Public
Safety at (541) 737-7000, and they will contact EH&S. Also notify the lab’s LS/PI.
1.
The following
safeguards shall be used for all work with “Select Carcinogens,” reproductive
toxins (Appendix III, Table 8), and substances that have a high degree of acute
toxicity.
a.
Establish a
“designated area”, unless the Chemical Safety Committee and EH&S decides
after a case-by-case review that it is not necessary. The designated area may be an entire
laboratory, an area of a laboratory, or a device in the lab, such as a
hood. This area shall be clearly
marked. Suggested signage is
illustrated in Appendix II, Figures 1-3.
b.
For chemicals
that require prior approval (see Section 18), approval from EH&S is required before conducting
work.
c.
Control equipment
(glove box, hood, etc.) is required.
d.
Use proper
storage procedures and PPE.
e.
Keep records for
the amounts of these materials on hand and the names of the workers using them.
f.
Procedures for
the prevention of spills and accidents, as well as emergency response, shall be
implemented and understood by workers.
g.
Follow procedures
for decontamination or disposal of wastes and decontaminating the designated
area.
2.
The LS/PI shall prepare
SOPs for all laboratory operations that involve substances that require
designated areas for use. The SOPs
shall include provisions for appropriate signs, labels and approvals for use.
3.
Guidelines for
classification of toxic or highly toxic substances based on the LD50 in
albino rats are listed in Appendix III, Table 9.
4.
A listing of a
lab’s carcinogens, toxic, or highly toxic materials can be viewed from the
on-line chemical inventory. Check with EH&S for current procedure.
Use and storage of certain chemicals, mainly
carcinogens and highly toxic chemicals, may require prior approval and
registration with EH&S. A list
of these chemicals,
along with policies, procedures, and registration/authorization forms, can be found on the EH&S website.
Research with recombinant or synthetic nucleic acids,
pathogenic microorganisms and toxins requires oversight by the OSU
Institutional Biosafety Committee. Information about the Biosafety
Program can be found on the
EH&S website. Research and
education that involving the use of vertebrate animals requires oversight by
the OSU
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee IACUC.
The Office of Radiation Safety (a Division of
EH&S) has policies and procedures for the handling, use and disposal of radioactive
materials. See the “Radiation Safety Manual” on the EHS website. The purchase and use of
radiation-emitting equipment shall be approved by the Radiation Safety Officer
prior to purchase.
Each laboratory should develop standard operating
procedures (SOPs) specific to its operation. SOPs should be included for all commonly
repeated procedures used by more than one employee and for procedures in which
sufficient protection for an employee is not provided by the general practices
described in the CHP. A detailed
description of safe work practices and a Job Hazard Assessment outlining specific
restrictions and the selection and use of personal protective equipment should
be a part of each SOP (See Appendix I, Form 2).
1.
A
laboratory-specific SOP is required when the general requirements cited in the
CHP are insufficient to direct and protect employees in a commonly required and
repeated laboratory procedure.
2.
See the EH&S
website for examples of SOPs. SOP's
shall be modified or created for use within specific laboratories.
3.
Lab-specific SOPs
are included as Appendix IV of this LCHP.
The
LS/PI shall review this LCHP at least annually, and revisions shall be made
whenever a new process or potentially hazardous piece of equipment is added or
removed from the laboratory.
The intention of the LCHP is to reduce exposure to
hazardous chemicals in the laboratory.
Materials left by departing employees can provide an unexpected source
of exposure if proper clean-up, disposal, storage, and transfer of
responsibility for hazardous materials is not accomplished.
LSs/PIs, students, graduate students and post-doctoral
fellows shall be responsible for cleaning their laboratory area and apparatus,
for storing chemicals and materials appropriately, and for disposing of waste
materials correctly before leaving a department or laboratory space.
LSs/PIs shall be responsible for certifying, with
documentation, that prior to termination of a employee, the following
conditions have been met:
1.
Laboratory area has been cleaned and glassware,
apparatus and chemicals have been stored properly.
2.
All employee-generated chemicals have been properly
identified, labeled (label template available on the EH&S
website), and inventoried.
3.
All wastes and hazardous materials have been either
disposed of or responsibility for them has been transferred to a continuing
employee.
4.
All laboratory safety responsibilities have been
reassigned to continuing employees.
The Department Head and EH&S shall be responsible
for ensuring the above conditions have been met by PIs leaving the university
or vacating a laboratory space.
Cleaning and waste disposal for laboratory spaces shall NOT be the
responsibility of new/incoming faculty, staff, students, or post-doctoral
fellows. Refer to the Chemical Lab
Decontamination and Checkout Safety Instruction on the EH&S website for additional
information. Also refer to the Equipment
Release Safety Instruction on the
EH&S website.
OSU, specifically the President, faculty and staff, recognizes
that we must comply with a variety of Federal, State, and Local mandates,
including those issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the
Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) and the State of Oregon
(DEQ, OR-OSHA, Administrative Rules, Building and Fire Codes). Each employee, therefore, has an
obligation to understand and comply with applicable environmental, health and
safety regulations as well as those policies established by OSU. This means that all faculty, emeritus faculty,
staff, graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, employees, contractors,
visitors and guests shall:
· Observe health and safety related signs, warning
signals and directions.
· Review the University's emergency procedures.
· Have an awareness of potential work hazards.
· Complete appropriate health and safety training.
· Follow all health and safety policies, safety instructions, SOPs, and precautions.
· Warn coworkers about defective equipment and notify
appropriate personnel.
· Use PPE and safety engineering equipment appropriate
to their work.
· Stop work that poses imminent danger to health and
safety and notify appropriate personnel.
· Participate in required inspection and monitoring
activities.
· Report unsafe conditions to a supervisor or the
Department Head.
All LSs/PIs are responsible for the safe operation of
their laboratories or areas. They
shall:
· Ensure, with documentation, that all employees are
trained to identify and mitigate potential hazards. This includes requiring all employees to
read the OSU CHP and LCHP.
· Maintain and routinely update a chemical inventory as
required by the OSU CHP.
· Develop and implement SOPs and practices as required
by the OSU CHP and LCHP.
· Analyze work procedures for hazard identification and
correction.
· Promote regular Laboratory Safety Assessments to
identify and correct equipment and safety deficiencies.
· Implement measures to prevent, eliminate, or control
workplace hazards.
· Encourage prompt employee reporting of health and
safety problems without fear of reprisal.
· Stop any work that poses imminent danger.
Form 1 - Laboratory Safety Assessment Form (cont.)
Job Hazard Assessment And
Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) Recommendation
All LSs/PIs must survey the work areas and activities under
their control to determine: what hazards exist, steps to take to minimize those
hazards, and what PPE may be required.
Instructions: Identify
the workplace location and the general nature of the task. Conduct a walkthrough survey of the
workplace and list the task or job functions or pieces of equipment that are hazardous
and/or require PPE. Consult
EH&S for assistance. Sign and
date this assessment. Keep this
form with your other safety and training records, preferably in the Laboratory
Safety Resources folder from EH&S.
Please note:
When determining if a potential
hazard exists, consideration should be given to the following:
· history of injuries or
illnesses related to the workplace or job
· history of employee
complaints or concerns
· employee's perception of
hazards
Location:________________________________________
Task:___________________________________________
|
Specific Tasks or
Steps or Pieces of Equipment
|
Potential Hazard(s)
|
Methods to Reduce
Hazard and Specific PPE Required
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I, _____________________________________________ , certify
that the above location has been evaluated for potential hazards and the appropriate
PPE, and that operation-specific training has been performed.
Signature of Lab Supervisor/Principal Investigator:_________________________________________
Date:_______________
Training Date and Time:_____________________________Building and
Room:____________________
Training
Topic:________________________________________________________________________
Trainer and/or training media used:________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Content or Outline of Topics
Covered:______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I/we, the undersigned, acknowledge receipt of the above training, have
had the opportunity to discuss the training and ask questions, and understand
where to find additional information, should the need arise.
Attendees:
Print Name Signature
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Near-Miss Report
Near-accidents/Near-misses
are incidents that may or may not result in damage to property but do not
result in an injury to employees or other individuals. Near-misses are potential learning
opportunities that should be used to promote discussion about changes to
policies, procedures, engineering controls and personal protective equipment in
an attempt to prevent future accidents and near-misses. Employees should report near misses
within 24 hours after an incident.
This form should be used to describe and discuss the causes and outcomes
of a near-miss.
Date and
Time of incident:_____________________________________________________________
Date and Time incident was reported:___________________________________________________
Parties
involved:
Name:_______________________________________ Job
Title:_______________________________
Witnesses:___________________________________________________________________________
Location of
Incident:
Department:____________________________________________ Room:_______________________
Location in
room:_____________________________________________________________________
Equipment
involved:___________________________________________________________________
Describe the
incident:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Form 4 -
Near-Miss Report Form (cont.)
Was the incident
caused by faulty equipment?____________________________________________
If yes, preserve evidence.
Identify:_______________________________________________________
Was the
incident caused by another person?______________________________________________
Name:______________________________________________________________________________
Employee’s
Signature:__________________________________________ Date:________________
Lab
Supervisor’s Signature:_____________________________________ Date:________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dates of
Investigation:________________________________________________________________
What was the
immediate cause of the incident (lack of training or supervision, rule
enforcement, equipment maintenance, other)?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
What were
the contributing factors that led up to the incident?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Corrective
actions taken:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Overnight/Unattended
Lab Reaction
Responsible Person:
Overnight contact number:
Supervisor/PI:
Reaction scheme and
conditions (for chemists):
Hazards present (for
non-chemists: e.g., toxic, flammable, corrosive, etc.)
Use
full names for chemicals, not abbreviations or chemical formulas
|
Designated
Area:
Chemical
Carcinogens
|
|
Designated
Area:
Reproductive
Toxins
|
|
Designated
Area:
Highly
Toxic Chemicals
|
Laboratories using chemicals shall comply with National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) 45 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals.
NFPA 45 (2011 Edition)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONTAINER CAPACITY
|
Container
type
|
Flammable liquids
|
Combustible liquids
|
|
Class IA
|
Class IB
|
Class IC
|
Class II
|
Class IIIA
|
|
Glass
|
500 ml1
|
1 L1
|
4 L
|
4 L
|
20 L
|
|
Metal (other
than DOT drums) or approved plastic
|
4 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
|
Safety cans
|
10 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
|
Metal container
(DOT specification)
|
4 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
227 L
|
227 L
|
|
Polyethylene
(DOT specification 34)
|
4 L
|
20 L
|
20 L
|
227 L
|
227 L
|
|
Pressurized
liquid dispensing container
|
20 L
|
227 L
|
227 L
|
227 L
|
227 L
|
Note:
|
Acids
|
Bases
|
|
Acetic
|
Ammonium hydroxide
|
|
Chloroacetic
|
Barium carbonate
|
|
Chromic
|
Barium hydroxide
|
|
Cresylic
|
Calcium hydroxide
|
|
Formic
|
Calcium Oxide
|
|
Hydriodic
|
Potassium carbonate
|
|
Hydrochloric
|
Potassium hydroxide
|
|
Hydrofluoric
|
Sodium Carbonate
|
|
Nitric
|
Sodium hydroxide
|
|
Perchloric
|
Trisodium phosphate
|
|
Periodic
|
|
|
Phosphoric
|
|
|
Sulfuric
|
|
|
Others
|
|
Bromine
|
Amines
|
|
Iodine
|
|
|
Chlorine
|
|
|
Alkali metals, such as Na, Li, K
Alkali metal hydrides, such as LiH, CaH2 , LiAlH4 , NaBH4 , alkali metal
amides, such as NaNH2
Metal alkyls, such as lithium and aluminum alkyls
Grignard reagents, RMgX
Halides of nonmetals, such as BCl3 , BF3 , PCl3, PCl5 , SiCl4,
S2, Cl2
Inorganic acid halides, such as POCl3, SOCl2,
SO2,
Cl2
Anhydrous metal halides, such as AlCl3, TiCl4,
ZrCl4, SnCl4
Phosphorus pentoxide
Calcium carbide
Organic acid halides and anhydrides of low molecular
weight, such as acetylchloride and acetic anhydride
|
|
Grignard reagents, RMgX
Metal alkyls and aryls, such as RLi, RNa, R3Al, R2Zn
Metal carbonyls, such as Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Co2 (CO)8
Alkali metals such as Na, K
Metal powders, such as Al, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pd, Pt,
Ti, Sn, Zn, Zr
Metal hydrides, such as NaH, LiAlH4
Nonmetal hydrides, such as B2H6 and
other boranes, PH3 , AsH3
Nonmetal alkyls, such as R3B, R3P, R3As
Phosphorus (white)
|
|
Ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium permanganate
Barium peroxide
Bromine
Calcium chlorate
Calcium hypochlorite
Chlorine trifluoride
Chromium anhydride
Chromic acid
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Fluorine
Hydrogen peroxide
|
Magnesium peroxide
Nitrogen trioxide
Perchloric acid
Potassium bromate
Potassium chlorate
Potassium peroxide
Propyl nitrate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorite
Sodium perchlorate
Sodium peroxide
|
|
Source: CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 3rd
edition.
|
|
List
A: Severe Peroxide Hazard on Storage with Exposure to Air
Discard within 3 months
|
|
Diisopropyl ether
(isopropyl ether)
|
Potassium amide
|
|
Divinylacetylene (DVA)
|
Sodium amide (sodamide)
|
|
Vinylidene Chloride
|
Potassium metal
|
|
List
B: Peroxide Hazard on Concentration - Do not distill or
evaporate without first testing for the presence of peroxides.
Discard or test for peroxides after 6
months
|
|
Acetaldehyde diethyl
acetal (acetal)
|
Ethylene glycol dimethyl
ether (glyme)
|
|
Cumene (isopropyl
benzene)
|
Ethylene glycol ether
acetates
|
|
Cyclohexene
|
Ethylene glycol
monoethers (cellosolves)
|
|
Cyclopentene
|
Furan
|
|
Decalin
(decahydronaphthalene)
|
Methylacetylene
|
|
Diacetylene (butadiene)
|
Methylcyclopentane
|
|
Diethyl ether (ether)
|
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
|
|
Diethylene glycol
dimethyl ether (diglyme)
|
Tetralin
(tetrahydronapthalene)
|
|
Dioxane
|
Vinyl ethers
|
|
List
C: Hazard of Rapid Polymerization Initiated by Internally Formed Peroxides -
Liquids
Discard or test for peroxides after 6
months
|
|
Chloroprene (2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene)
|
Vinyl acetate
|
|
Styrene
|
Vinyl pyridine
|
|
List
D: Hazard of Rapid Polymerization Initiated by Internally Formed Peroxides
– Gases
Discard after 12 months
|
|
Butadiene
|
Vinyl acetylene (MVA)
|
|
Tetrafluroethylene (TFE)
|
Vinyl chloride
|
Substances with TLV1 < 50 PPM
or less should only be used in properly operating chemical fume hood.
|
Gas (state in cylinder)
|
TLV, ppm1
C=Ceiling
limit
|
Flammability
Limits in Air % by Vol2
|
Major
Hazards
|
|
Acetylene (Dissolved)
|
Not established (nontoxic, produces anesthetic effects)
|
2.5‑81.0
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Ammonia (Liquid)
|
25
|
15‑28
|
Toxic
|
|
Argon
|
Not established (nontoxic)
|
None
|
Asphyxiant
|
|
Boron trifluoride
|
1 C
|
None
|
Toxic; causes burns
|
|
1,3‑Butadiene (Liquid)
|
2
|
2‑11.5
|
Flammable; skin irritant; suspect carcinogen
|
|
Butane (Liquid)
|
800 (nontoxic, produces anesthetic effects)
|
1.9‑8.5
|
Flammable, narcosis
|
|
Carbon dioxide (Liquid)
|
5000
C=30,000
|
None
|
Asphyxiant
|
|
Carbon monoxide
|
25
|
12.5‑74.0
|
Toxic; chemical asphyxiant
|
|
Chlorine (Liquid)
|
0.5
C=1.0
|
None
|
Irritant; causes burns; corrosive
|
|
Ethane (Liquid)
|
Not established (nontoxic, produces anesthetic effects)
|
3.0‑12.5
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Ethylene
|
Not established (nontoxic, produces anesthetic effects)
|
3.1‑32.0
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Ethylene oxide (Liquid pure)
|
1 ppm
|
3.0‑100.0
|
Flammable; toxic can cause burns when trapped by clothing
or shoes; affects multiple organs, carcinogen
|
|
Helium
|
Not established (nontoxic)
|
None
|
Asphyxiant
|
|
Hydrogen
|
Not established
|
4.0‑75.0
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Hydrogen bromide (Liquid)
|
C=3.0
|
None
|
Toxic; causes burns; corrosive
|
|
Hydrogen chloride (Liquid)
|
C=5.0
|
None
|
Toxic; causes burns; corrosive
|
|
Hydrogen fluoride (Liquid)
|
C=3.0
|
None
|
Toxic; causes severe slow healing burns; corrosive
|
|
Hydrogen sulfide (Liquid)
|
10
C=15
|
4.3‑45.0
|
Toxic; flammable; irritant
|
|
Methane
|
Not established
|
5.3‑14.0
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Methyl bromide (Liquid)
|
1
|
13.5‑14.5
|
Toxic; causes burns
|
|
Methyl chloride (Liquid)
|
50
C=100
|
10.7‑17.4
|
Toxic; flammable
|
|
Methyl mercaptan (Liquid)
|
0.5
|
Unknown
|
Irritant; flammable
|
|
Nitrogen (nontoxic)
|
Not established
|
None
|
Asphyxiant
|
|
Nitrogen dioxide (Liquid)
|
3
C=5.0
|
None
|
Toxic; corrosive
|
|
Oxygen
|
Nontoxic
|
None
|
Highly reactive, oxidizer
|
|
Phosgene (Liquid)
|
0.1
|
None
|
Toxic
|
|
Propane (Liquid)
|
Not established (nontoxic, produces anesthetic effects)
|
2.2‑9.5
|
Flammable; asphyxiant
|
|
Sulfur dioxide (Liquid)
|
2
C=5.0
|
None
|
Toxic; causes burns
|
|
Vinyl chloride
|
1
|
4.0‑22.0
|
Flammable; causes burns, human carcinogen
|
|
1 Threshold Limit Values
(2000) ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio
|
|
2 Zabetakis, M. G.
Flammability "Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors" Bulletin
627, U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Gov't Printing Office, WASH. D.C.
|
|
CHEMICAL / ROUTE OF ENTRY
|
COMMENTS / POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
|
|
acrylamide [resp/skin]
|
animal-decrease
copulatory behavior & fertility, possible fetotoxin
|
|
acrylates [resp/skin]
|
animal-possible
fetotoxin, decrease in fetal size
|
|
aflatoxin B1 [oral/resp]
|
human-mutagen, decrease
male fertility, animal-teratogen, fetotoxin, decrease sperm counts,
increase sperm abnormalities
|
|
aldicarb [resp/skin/oral]
|
human-at near toxic
levels may cause stillbirth
|
|
aluminum [resp]
|
animal-neurotoxin mid to
late term
|
|
ammonia [resp]
|
human-spermicide
|
|
anesthetic gases
(enflurane, halothane, nitrous oxide) [resp]
|
human-decrease in female
fertility when exposed to nitrous oxide > 5 hours a week, mixed gases
may increase chance of spontaneous abortion, decrease birth weight,
animal-teratogen, embryotoxin, nitrous oxide- reduced sperm counts, mixed
gases-possible reduced fertility,
|
|
aniline & derivatives
[resp/skin]
|
human-possible menstrual
& ovarian disorders, reduction of , maternal and fetal blood oxygen
|
|
antimony [resp]
|
animal-increase
spontaneous abortion rate
|
|
antineoplastic agent
[resp/oral/skin]
|
human-testicular &
ovarian dysfunction, permanent sterility, increased rate of spontaneous
abortion, ectopic pregnancy, decrease birth weight, animal-teratogen,
embryolethal
|
|
arsine [resp]
|
animal-teratogen
|
|
arsenic [resp/skin/oral]
|
human-possible
chromosomal and testicular toxin, increased rate of spontaneous abortion,
teratogen, mutagen, fetotoxin
|
|
barium [resp/oral]
|
animal-soluble compound
(carbonate, chloride) acute testicular toxicity
|
|
benomyl [resp/oral]
|
human-possible teratogen,
animal-possible teratogen, testicular toxin, increase rate of post
implantation mortality,
|
|
benzene [resp/skin]
|
animal-fetal death,
delayed ossification
|
|
beryllium [resp]
|
possible human mutagen
(sperm), fetal stunting, pre-implantation mortality
|
|
boric acid [skin/resp]
|
animal-high dose tests-
borax is testicular toxin, female impaired fertility
|
|
1,3-butadiene [resp]
|
human-increased rate of
abnormal sperm, animal-reduced fetal weight
|
|
cadmium [resp/oral]
|
human mutagen, decrease
in motility counts, testicular necrosis, may prevent egg implantation,
increase stillbirth rate, animal-teratogen, fetotoxic
|
|
captan [oral/resp]
|
human-mutagen, possible
teratogen, animal-possible teratogen, testicular toxin, increase post
implant mortality
|
|
carbaryl [oral/resp/skin]
|
human-weak mutagen,
animal-increased rate of sperm abnormality, decreased sperm counts &
function, teratogen only at toxic levels
|
|
carbon disulfide
[resp/skin]
|
human-reduced male libido,
alterations of menstrual cycle, increased rate of spontaneous abortion
and neurobehavioral abnormalities after birth
|
|
carbon monoxide [resp]
|
human-fetal asphyxiation,
increased rate of neurological abnormalities, malformations,
animal-reduced fetal weight,
|
|
chlordecone [skin/resp/oral/ocular]
|
human-decreased motility,
animal-reduced male fertility, reduced litter size, increase in mouse
resorptions, subtle neurobehavioral changes
|
|
chlorine dioxide, chlorite,
chlorate [resp/skin/oral]
|
animal-reduced weight
between birth and weaning
|
|
chloroform [resp/skin]
|
animal-increased rate of
fetal loss, reduced fertility
|
|
chloroprene [resp]
|
human-possible increase
in spontaneous abortion rate , animal-reduced male fertility
|
|
chlorpryrifos [oral/skin]
|
animal-near lethal doses
decrease sperm motility, possible neurotoxin
|
|
chromium [resp]
|
human genotoxin,
decreased motility counts
|
|
cobalt [resp]
|
animal-seminiferous
tubule degeneration
|
|
copper [resp]
|
human-direct contact is
toxic to sperm, low motility counts
|
|
(From: “Reproductive Hazards of the Workplace” by Linda M. Frazier,
MD, MPH & Marvin L. Hage, MD)
Table 8 - Reproductive Toxins - Partial
List (cont.)
|
CHEMICAL / ROUTE OF ENTRY
|
COMMENTS / POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
|
|
cyfluthrin [oral/resp/skin]
|
animal-large exposures
through pregnancy caused neurological dysfunction
|
|
cypermethrin [oral/resp]
|
animal-large exposures through
pregnancy caused neurological dysfunction
|
|
2,4-D [skin]
|
human-(reversible) abnormal
sperm, animal-possible teratogen at toxic levels
|
|
DDT [resp/ocular/skin/oral]
|
human-possible male
infertility,
|
|
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)
[skin/oral]
|
human-at (maternal) high dose
exposures there is an increase in acute neurotoxic symptoms in children
|
|
diazinon [oral/skin]
|
animal-teratogen, reduced genital
weight, decreased motility, increase in sperm mortality
|
|
dibromochloropropane
[oral/skin/resp]
|
human-testicular damage,
animal-mutagen, genotoxin
|
|
dicamba [skin/resp]
|
animal-(single study) induced
unscheduled DNA synthesis
|
|
1,3-dichloropropene and
1,2-dichloropropane [resp/skin]
|
animal-mutagen, causes
testicular degeneration, reduced sperm counts, abnormal sperm
|
|
dimethylformamide [resp/skin]
|
human-possible testicular
cancer, inconsistent data indicates teratogen
|
|
epichlorhydrin [resp/skin]
|
animal-male reproductive
toxin, sterility,
|
|
ethidium bromide [skin/resp]
|
animal-mutagen, embryotoxin
|
|
ethyl alcohol
[resp/oral/skin]
|
human-high doses suggest an
increased rate of miscarriages & stillbirths, fetal alcohol syndrome,
occupational exposure problems rarely encountered
|
|
ethylene bisdithiocarbamate
[resp]
|
animal-possible teratogen
near lethal dose
|
|
ethylene oxide [resp]
|
human-teratogen, increased rate
of spontaneous abortions, animal-teratogen, testicular toxin, increased rate
of sterility, decreased fertility
|
|
formaldehyde [resp]
|
human-one study suggests a
slight % increase in spontaneous abortion and subtle neurobehavioral
abnormalities, animal-decreased sperm motility, reduced fetal & maternal
weight
|
|
glutaraldehyde
[resp/oral/skin]
|
animal-cytotoxin (bacteria)
|
|
glycidyl ethers [skin/resp]
|
animal-testicular atrophy
|
|
glyphosate [oral/skin]
|
animal-sperm count reduction at
high concentrations
|
|
hair dyes [skin]
|
human-may cause
neuroblastoma, animal-bacterial mutagen (coal tar)
|
|
hexachlorobenzene [oral/resp]
|
human-long half life,
excessive exposures can result from breast milk, animal-menstrual irregularities,
neonatal lethality at high doses
|
|
hexane (n-) [resp]
|
animal-testicular toxin,
reduced fetal weight
|
|
hydrazine & derivatives
[resp]
|
animal-abnormal sperm,
reduced fetal weight, increased rate of resorptions,
|
|
hydrogen cyanide [resp/skin]
|
animal-impaired
spermatogenesis & fertility, reduced brain function
|
|
hydrogen sulfide [resp]
|
human-fetal asphyxiation,
increased rate of menstrual irregularities,
|
|
hydroquinone [resp/skin]
|
animal-reduced testicular weight,
increased rate of resorptions, recent studies suggest that hydroquinone is
not a reproductive toxin
|
|
indium [resp]
|
animal-teratogen, testicular
and sperm abnormalities
|
|
iron [resp]
|
human-decline in semen
parameters,
|
|
isocyanates [resp]
|
human-increased risk of
spontaneous abortion and stillbirths, animal-male decrease in successful
matings, female persistent diestrus, increased rate of resorptions,
|
|
lead [resp/oral/skin]
|
human-decrease in motility counts,
increased rate of preterm deliveries, stillbirths, neurological abnormalities
|
|
lindane [resp/skin]
|
animal-testicular
degeneration, altered fetal steroid metabolism
|
|
malathion [oral/skin]
|
human-(applicators) increase in
chromosomal abnormalities, animal-testicular atrophy
|
Table 8 - Reproductive Toxins - Partial List (cont.)
|
CHEMICAL / ROUTE OF ENTRY
|
COMMENTS / POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
|
|
manganese [resp]
|
human-possible decline in sperm
parameters (excessive exposure & manganese deficient), animal-adverse
neurodevelopmental effects from breast milk, retarded offspring growth
|
|
mercury [resp/oral/skin]
|
human-mutagen, teratogen,
neurotoxin, increased rate of spontaneous abortion, embryolethal, menstrual
irregularities
|
|
methyl alcohol
[resp/oral/skin]
|
animal-decrease testicle
size, reduced sperm counts, high dose (inhale >5,000 ppm) teratogen,
|
|
methyl bromide [resp]
|
animal-(high dose studies near
toxic levels) mutagen, genotoxin
|
|
methyl chloride [resp]
|
animal-reduced male
fertility, testicular degeneration, heart valve defects
|
|
methyl ethyl ketone [resp]
|
animal-at high doses (3,000
ppm-7 hour days) minor birth defects
|
|
methylene chloride [resp/skin]
|
animal-fetotoxic, neurologic
deficits because it is metabolized into CO
|
|
methylpyrrolidone (N)[resp/skin]
|
animal-fetotoxin
|
|
molybdenum [resp/oral]
|
human-mutagen,
animal-embryolethal
|
|
nickel [resp/oral]
|
human-mutagen, decline in
semen parameters, animal-embryolethal, increased rate of fetal growth
retardation and skeletal anomalies
|
|
nitriles [resp/skin]
|
animal-teratogen, reduced
sperm counts, increased rate of resorptions,
|
|
nitrates, nitrites & organic
nitro compounds [resp/skin/oral]
|
human-reduced oxygen uptake
causing oxygen debt, animal-testicular toxin, abortifacient
|
|
paraquat [resp/oral/skin]
|
animal-mutagen, embryotoxin
|
|
pentamidine [resp/skin/oral]
|
animal-increased rate of resorptions
|
|
perchloroethylene [resp]
|
human-possible increased rate
of spontaneous abortion (only a few studies were completed)
|
|
permethrin [oral/resp]
|
animal-large exposures
through pregnancy caused neurological dysfunction
|
|
phenol [skin/resp/oral]
|
animal-minimal embryotoxin
|
|
phenoxyacid herbicides [oral]
|
animal-fetotoxin at high
doses
|
|
phthalates [oral/resp/skin]
|
animal-possible teratogen,
testicular toxin, increased rate of resorptions & stillbirths
|
|
polybrominated biphenyls
[oral/skin/resp]
|
animal-possible prolonged
menstrual cycles, blocked implantation, increased rate of resorptions,
increased fetal liver weight
|
|
polychloronated biphenyls
[skin/oral]
|
human-hyperpigmentaion, possible
reduction of birth weights do to shortened gestation, neurological delay,
animal-testicular toxin, reduced female conception rates, fetotoxin at high
dose, decrease birth weight,
|
|
polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons [resp/oral]
|
animal-gonadotoxin, increased
rate of stillbirths & resorptions,
|
|
providone-iodine [skin/oral]
|
human-possible fetal goiter
due to elevated iodine levels
|
|
selenium [resp/oral]
|
animal-teratogen,
embryolethal
|
|
sodium azide [oral/resp]
|
animal-embryotoxin, increased
rate of resorptions
|
|
styrene [resp/skin]
|
human-associated with sperm
abnormalities, menstrual disorders, animal-possible genotoxin
|
|
tellurium [resp]
|
human-does not cross the
placenta, animal-mutagen
|
|
thallium [resp/oral/skin]
|
human-induces abortion,
absorbed by testicles, animal-lethal mutagen, teratogen
|
|
tin [resp/skin]
|
animal-possible increase in
subtle neurological & skeletal deformities
|
|
titanium dioxide [resp]
|
animal-embryolethal, reduction
in litter sizes
|
|
toluene [resp/skin]
|
human-increased rate of
spontaneous abortion at 50-150 ppm TWA, intentional inhalation-microcephali,
growth retardation, learning delayed
|
|
1,1,1-trichloroethane [resp/skin]
|
human-acute exposure at high
concentrations cause fetal death (drug abuse)
|
|
trichloroethylene [resp/skin]
|
human-decreased libido,
increase in menstrual disorders at levels that effect CNS
|
|
tungsten [resp]
|
animal-possible embryolethal
(single study)
|
Table 8 - Reproductive Toxins - Partial List (cont.)
|
CHEMICAL / ROUTE OF ENTRY
|
COMMENTS / POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
|
|
uranium [resp/oral]
|
animal-nephrotoxin, genotoxin
(from radiation)
|
|
vanadium pentoxide [resp]
|
animal-mutagen (at high doses),
decrease in fertility rates
|
|
vinyl chloride [resp]
|
human-increased rate of
impotence, decreased libido, decreased testosterone, change in menstrual
cycles, pregnancy complications
|
|
xylene [resp/skin]
|
animal-increased rate of
abnormal sperm, may also be genotoxic and mutagenic (rats only)
|
|
zinc chloride & oxide
[resp]
|
human-deficiency is
teratogenic and can cause behavioral abnormalities, zinc salts are
spermicidal
|
|
Protocol
|
Toxic
|
Highly Toxic
|
|
Oral LD50 (albino rats)
|
50-500 mg/kg
|
<50 mg/kg
|
|
Skin Contact LD50 (albino rabbits)
|
200-1000 mg/kg
|
<200 mg/kg
|
|
Inhalation LD50 (albino rats)
|
200-2000 ppm/air
|
<200 ppm/air
|
Posted at:
Of Interest to the Arp Lab
Original kept at the PI personal computer and is available for edits and updates
Video file
Video file
Video file
Video file